Francisco Vergara

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" rowspan="2" width=230 BGCOLOR="#99CC99" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="04d8dfc3.jpg"> <div> <B><IMG SRC="056f32b0.jpg" border=0 width="243" height="299" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <I>Francisco Vergara </I></div> <div> <A HREF="id24.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Présentation de lauteur"><U><I><B>Présentation</B></I></U></A><I><B> </B></I></div> <div> <A HREF="id24.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Présentation de lauteur"><U><I><B>de l'auteur</B></I></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id27.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Papers in English"><U><B>Paper</B></U></A><A HREF="id27.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Papers in English"><U><I><B>s</B></I></U></A><A HREF="id27.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Papers in English"><U><I><B> i</B></I></U></A><A HREF="id27.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Papers in English"><U><I><B>n E</B></I></U></A><A HREF="id27.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Papers in English"><U><I><B>nglish</B></I></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <B> </B></div> <div> <B> </B><A HREF="id16.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE=" Articulos en Español"><U><I><B>Articulos</B></I></U></A><I><B> </B></I><A HREF="id16.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE=" Articulos en Español"><U><I><B>en Español</B></I></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>       </B></I></div> <div> <A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lexique philosophicoéconomique"><U><I><B>L</B></I></U></A><A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lexique philosophicoéconomique"><U><I><B>exique</B></I></U></A><A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lexique philosophicoéconomique"><U><I><B> </B></I></U></A><A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lexique philosophicoéconomique"><U><I><B>philosophico-</B></I></U></A><A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lexique philosophicoéconomique"><U><I><B>économique</B></I></U></A><I><B> (</B></I><A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lexique philosophicoéconomique"><U><I><B>anglais </B></I></U></A><A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lexique philosophicoéconomique"><U><I><B>e</B></I></U></A><A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lexique philosophicoéconomique"><U><I><B>t français</B></I></U></A><I><B>)</B></I></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B> </B></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=69 BGCOLOR="#CCCC99" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="04e8dfe1esnpes.jpg"> <div> <I><B>Economie et Philosophi</B></I><I><B>e</B></I><B>,</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>        </B></FONT></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><B>site de Francisco Vergara       </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#003300" FACE="Times New Roman" ><B>E-mail :</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#336699" FACE="Times New Roman" ><B> </B></FONT><A HREF="mailto:Vergajofra@aol.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="mailto:Vergajofra@aol.com"><U><B>Vergajofra@aol.com</B></U></A><B>     </B></div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=411 colspan=2 BGCOLOR="#CCCC99" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="04e8dfc3.jpg"> <div> <I><B>Articles sur l'économie </B></I></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f080000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">La nouvelle mode du miracle allemand</B></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >               </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >paru dans </FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Le Monde </B></I><I> </I></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >le 9 mai 2011  </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" >          </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000BF" FACE="Arial" > </FONT> {<A HREF="http://www.fvergara.com/MiracleAllemand.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.fvergara.com/MiracleAllemand."><U>pdf</U></A>}    {<A HREF="http://www.fvergara.com/MiracleAllemand.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.fvergara.com/MiracleAllemand."><U>Word</U></A>}</div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000080" FACE="Arial" ><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f080000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">La Finance déréglementée : son avenir et son utilité        </B></FONT><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Financedereglementeeaveniretutilite.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Financed"><U><U>{Facsimilé doc</U></U></A><U>}</U><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" >     </FONT><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/vergafinsursiteHusson.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/vergafin"><U><U>{Texte pdf</U></U></A><U>}</U></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f080000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Will American Unemployment Ever Start Falling?</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >               </FONT>paru dans <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Finance and Development</B></I></FONT>, December 2009 <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" >           </FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2009/12/web_letterto.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fand"><U>{In English}</U></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" >               </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f080000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">La finance libéralisée et globalisée a-t-elle vraiment accéléré la croissance mondiale ?</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >               Que disent les chiffres                         </FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >   </FONT><U>{</U><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/NOUVELLEFINANCE.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/NOUVELLE"><U><U>En français</U></U></A><U>}</U><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" >        </FONT><U>{</U><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/FINANCEANDGROWTH.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/FINANCEA"><U><U>In English</U></U></A><U>}</U></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f080000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Deux ans après la crise : quelles leçons pour le futur ?</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >               </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >paru dans </FONT><I><B>LeMonde.fr </B></I><I> </I><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >le 24 septembre 2009  </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" >           </FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Lecons.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Lecons.d"><U>{Word}</U></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" >               </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f066000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Sur la  Dette  publique  </B>(<A HREF="id26.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="LA DETTE PUBLIQUE"><U>deux articles sur la dette publique</U></A>)Etat </div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f066000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">L'Epouvantail du retard français</B><B> :</B> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >Les chiffres du FMI démentent </FONT></div> <div>       la mauvaise performance française </div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><B>                    </B>paru dans</FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Alternatives Economiques</B></I><B> de juin 2008</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>  </B></FONT><B> </B><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Franceepouvantail.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Franceep"><U>{pdf}</U></A>  </div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f066000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">L'Europe décline-t-elle par rapport aux Etats-Unis ?</B></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><B>       </B> paru dans</FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Le Monde</B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><I><B> </B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" > avec graphiques</FONT>   <A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUnis.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUni"><U>{</U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUnis.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUni"><U>pdf</U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUnis.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUni"><U>}</U></A>    <A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUnisE.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUni"><U>{</U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUnisE.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUni"><U>in English</U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUnisE.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/EtatsUni"><U>}</U></A></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f066000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Le Miracle de la productivité américaine, réalité ou illusion statistique ?</B></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >        paru dans la revue<I><B> </B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>L'Economie politique</B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><B>    </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/VergaraProductfacs.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/VergaraP"><U>{</U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/VergaraProductfacs.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/VergaraP"><U>En français</U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/VergaraProductfacs.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/VergaraP"><U>}</U></A>  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Productivitygap2.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Producti"><U>{</U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Productivitygap2.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Producti"><U>In English</U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Productivitygap2.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Producti"><U>}</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#003300" FACE="Arial" ><B>                                                         </B></FONT><B>            </B><I><B>Suite articles d'économie</B></I><B> </B><I><B> </B></I><B>{</B><A HREF="id18.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Autres articles de presse"><U><B> ici </B></U></A><B>}</B></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>       Articles sur l'histoire des idées  </B></I><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#CC0033" FACE="Xerox Serif Narrow" ><I><B>  </B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#111111" FACE="Xerox Serif Narrow" ><I><B>     </B></I></FONT></div> <div> <I><B>       </B></I></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f099000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> Bentham and Mill on the "Quality" of Pleasures </B></div> <div>         appeared in <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Revue d'études benthamiennes</B></I></FONT>      {<A HREF="http://www.fvergara.com/QUALITY.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.fvergara.com/QUALITY.doc"><U>Word</U></A>}     {<A HREF="http://www.fvergara.com/QUALITY.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.fvergara.com/QUALITY.pdf"><U>pdf</U></A>}</div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f066000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">La théorie du contrôle des prix : </B>Pigou, Keynes, Kalecky, Galbraith, Samuelson, etc. </div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >       paru dans </FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Review of Political Economy</B></I></FONT>        <A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Controledesprix.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Controle"><U> </U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#111111" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Controledesprix.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Controle"><U>{français}</U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Controledesprix.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Controle"><U> </U></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" >     <A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/PriceControls.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/PriceCon"><U>{English}</U></A></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f066000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Economie et morale :</B><B> </B><B>les erreurs et confusions de </B><B>Louis Dumont</B><B>,</B></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >       paru dans la revue<I><B> </B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>L'Economie politique</B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont19mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont1"><U> </U></A><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont19mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont1"><U>{pdf}</U></A><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont19mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont1"><U> </U></A><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont19mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont1"><U> </U></A><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont19mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont1"><U> </U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont17mars2005.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/LouisDumont1"><U>{Word}</U></A></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f066000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Intervention et laisser-faire chez Turgot : le rôle de l'Etat selon le droit naturel</B></div> <div>        paru dans la revue<I><B> </B></I><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Cahiers d'économie politique</B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" >   </FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Turgotcahiers.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Turgotca"><U>{pdf}</U></A>  </FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Turgotcahiers.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/Turgotca"><U>{Word}</U></A></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f066000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">John Stuart Mill :</B><B> mythes et réalités</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMill28mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMi"><U> </U></A><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMill28mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMi"><U>{pdf}</U></A><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMill28mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMi"><U> </U></A><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMill28mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMi"><U> </U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMill28mars2005.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMi"><U> </U></A><A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/JohnStuartMill28mars2005.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/JohnStua"><U>{Word}</U></A></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010466000000.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">L'Utilitarisme, </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >paru dans <I><B>Encyclopædia Universalis    </B></I></FONT> {<A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/utilitarisme.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/utilitar"><U>pdf</U></A>}    <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" > {<A HREF="http://www.franciscovergara.com/utilitarisme.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.franciscovergara.com/utilitar"><U>Word</U></A>}</FONT></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f066000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Une Critique de Elie Halévy,</B></FONT><B> </B>paru dans <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Philosophy</B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" >, </FONT></div> <div>        revue du Royal Institute of Philosophy, Londres  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#BF0000" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.utilitarianism.com/vergara/halevy.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.utilitarianism.com/vergara/ha"><U>In English</U></A></FONT>     <A HREF="http://franciscovergara.com/HALEFR.doc" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://franciscovergara.com/HALEFR.doc"><U>En français</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#003300" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>                                                               </B></I></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>   </B></I></FONT><I><B> </B></I><I><B>Autres articles sur l'histoire des idées</B></I><I><B> </B></I><B>{</B><A HREF="id17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Autres articles académiques et essais"><U><B> ici </B></U></A><B>}</B><B> </B><I><B>   </B></I></div> <bR> <div> <I> </I></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> 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